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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties produce different flavors. Find out more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and more tart flavor and are often used in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world with 75% of the world's coffee beans produced. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour flavor than Robusta and come in a variety of flavour profiles. The taste and aroma components of a coffee may vary greatly based on the climatic conditions and the processing methods employed to make it.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word meaning the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that sprout inside bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized by eating fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee quickly spread around the world.

Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes and flourish in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is why Arabica barista coffee beans beans types (Pattern Wiki link for more info) is thought to be the most delicious kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees that are suitable for many different brewing techniques. Blending allows control over the taste, aroma and body as well as acidity of coffee. It is typically preferred to get an even and balanced taste that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most coveted type of coffee bean in the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants that occur naturally. However, these acids could cause oxidation in the process of brewing coffee and may produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica, able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and does well in direct sun. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective plant to grow.

While it might seem contradictory it's true that Robusta beans are often blended with arabica beans to create coffee blends. If you've noticed the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's likely there's a bit of robusta too.

The majority of roasters utilize a mix of arabica and coffee beans to buy beans to cut costs and preserve the quality. In order to preserve the integrity of the flavor, it's important to select a top-quality bean from a source that you are confident with. The best way to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other varieties of coffee beans. They have a scent that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are often added to other bean to cup coffee beans varieties to provide the fuller, more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can grow in low altitudes and can withstand hot, humid climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home cultivation. You can find the seeds on the internet from several sources, however it is preferred to purchase them from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils that have a moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered a distinct species, but was re-classified as an alternative to Liberica. The coffee beans that are oval in shape are found on large coffee plants that reach 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is sweet and tart, making them a popular option for house blends. They are also lighter on flavor and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they possess a unique quality of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after kind of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't quite as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. They were considered to be to be a different species of coffee up until 2006, when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee bean near me production. These beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and have a dark, mysterious taste. They are typically used to give blends extra body and a rich, tart taste of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most popular and are known for having the most delicious taste. They thrive at higher altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a little of acidity. When roasted and brewed properly they may be flavored with notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most adored coffee in the world and makes up around 40% of all coffee consumed globally. Robusta beans are smaller and more round however they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have woody and earthy overtones.

After having a better understanding of the four most commonly used types you can now select your favorite brew. If you prefer smooth and delicate flavors go for an arabica bean or a blend made up of robusta and arabica beans.