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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types produce different flavors. Find out more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, tarter taste profile and are frequently used in blends of beans to give them added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee worldwide and accounts for 75% of the global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are more mild and sweeter than Robusta, and they come in various flavour profiles. The taste and aroma components of a coffee may vary widely depending on the growing conditions and processing techniques employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that grow within bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were energized after eating these fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly all over the world.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes, and thrive with cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees that are suitable for a variety of brewing methods. Blending allows control over the taste, aroma and body as well as acidity of Strong Coffee beans. It is often preferred to get an even and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean cultivated worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that naturally occur. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, and can thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more premium coffee beans per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

Although it might sound odd the fact is that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended together to create coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag, it's possible that there's also some robusta.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans in order to cut costs and maintain the quality coffee beans. To ensure the integrity of the flavor you should select the best quality beans from a reliable source. This can be done by purchasing the beans directly from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped that makes them different from other varieties of coffee bean suppliers beans. They have a smell that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are often added to other coffee beans to give the fuller, more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes and tolerate hot, humid climates. They also have a much better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. Online, you can buy the seeds from many sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure high-quality. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee include fertile, deep volcano soils with moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered to be a separate species but was re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans are oval-shaped and are found on large coffee plants that can reach 20 to 30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, making them a popular option for blends in the home. They have a more subtle scent and a lower caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta yet they're the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be a separate coffee plant species until 2006 when they were changed to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and carry an intriguing dark flavor. They're often used in blends to provide extra body and a luscious, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are known for their sweeter taste. They grow best at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a bit of acidity. If brewed correctly and roast they may have notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most popular coffee in the world, and makes up around 40% of the luxury coffee beans consumed globally. Robusta beans are rounder and smaller, but they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have woody and earthy undertones.

After you've learned about the four most commonly used types of coffee beans now is the time to pick the perfect cup. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste opt for an arabica or a blend comprised of robusta and arabica beans.